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The 2023-2024 Minnesota Legislature directed the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) to develop and implement a strategy to test for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in biosolids that are applied to the land. The goal of Minnesota’s biosolids PFAS strategy is to ensure protection of human health while retaining the benefits of biosolids applied to land.  

The Minnesota biosolids PFAS strategy was released by MPCA Jan. 17, 2025. This strategy applies to all wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) that intend to apply biosolids to land. Starting in September 2025, all biosolids intended for land application must be tested for PFAS before use with response actions taken based on results. 

Strategy components

  • PFAS sampling: For any biosolids from a WWTF that are intended to be land applied, analysis of PFAS compounds will be required prior to land application.
  • Required actions: The amount of PFAS in the sample may require the WWTF to apply at a reduced application rate or may prohibit land application.
  • Reduction efforts: The amount of PFAS in the sample may require the WWTF to begin or expedite existing PFAS source identification and reduction efforts.
  • Communication: The WWTF must communicate with landowners, farmers, and the MPCA about the level of PFAS in biosolids and source identification and reduction efforts underway.

Resources