After permitted landfills close, they must be monitored and managed to protect the environment and human health. Precipitation can percolate through landfilled waste and create contaminated fluids (leachate), and the waste may continue to generate gases as it decomposes. Leachate and gases must be managed properly to avoid polluting groundwater or surface water or affecting nearby structures.
Postclosure guidance for landfill operators
The MPCA has established guidance for evaluating when closed landfills may exit the postclosure care phase.
Rulemaking for postclosure landfills
The MPCA plans to amend the current rule language on closed landfills to specify how a facility has met the requirements for ending the postclosure care period safely after the 20-year minimum.
The closure and postclosure process
Minnesota rules do not describe a process or criteria for allowing landfills to exit postclosure care and move into the less stringent phase of landfill maintenance. A clear and consistent process is needed so landfill owners and operators know what to expect when planning closure and managing the facility during the postclosure care period. The evaluation should determine when a landfill poses no health or environmental threats and can safely exit the postclosure care period, as described in rule (Minn. R. 7035.2655).
Permitted landfills in Minnesota have a four-phase lifecycle.
- Open/Active. When open and receiving waste, landfills must obtain an MPCA permit, and the permit application must include landfill closure and postclosure care plans. The plans must be approved and updated, as necessary, whenever the permit is reissued.
- Closure. When the landfill is at capacity or the owner chooses to no longer receive waste, the closure plan is implemented, and a cover is installed over the waste. The MPCA must certify the closure and document the postclosure care, monitoring, testing, and reporting requirements for the site in a closure document.
- Postclosure care begins when the MPCA certifies the closure and lasts a minimum of 20 years. The MPCA may modify the closure document to extend the postclosure care period. Requirements include:
- Maintaining the landfill cover
- Identifying and correcting erosion
- Continuing to operate the leachate or gas collections systems
- Monitoring and reporting of environmental data
- Prohibiting any use of the site that will disturb the integrity of the final cover
- Maintenance. The site owner must continue to maintain the site and protective systems, such as the landfill cover.